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Specification 02560 - Landfill Gas Extraction Wells

January 2021

Page 2 of 4
3066.21

Aggregate shall be washed, and uniformly blended according to the particle
size distribution requirements shown below.

Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight
2-inch 100
1%-inch 90 - 100
1-inch 30 - 40
%4-inch 10-15
¥Y-inch 0-5
¥s-inch 0-5

2.2 BENTONITE SEAL

A. Bentonite seals shall be installed where shown on the Drawings using a hydrated
bentonite slurry mix poured into place.

2.3 SAND/GRAVEL FILTER

A. Sand/gravel filter shall conform to the following particle size distribution.

Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight
1%-inch 100
No. 4 70 - 100
No. 40 30 - 80
No. 200 0-15

2.4 PVC PIPE

A. Refer to Specification Section 15212.

2.9 WELLHEAD

A. Wellheads shall be 2-inch QED Precision Quick-Change™ Orifice Plate Wellhead,
or equivalent approved by ENGINEER. The wellhead components are indicated
on the Drawings.

B. Wellhead and flow measurement tube shall be compatible with the
CES/LANDTEC GEM-2000™ and GEM-5000™ Landfill Gas Monitors.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1

DRILLING

A. OWNER or ENGINEER shall observe all drilling operations.

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Specification 02560 - Landfill Gas Extraction Wells Page 3 of 4

January 2021

3066.21

B.

Wells shall be drilled to the minimum diameter and the specific depths shown on
the Drawings. CONTRACTOR shall drill the wells using bucket-type augers and
dry drilling equipment; wet rotary drilling equipment may not be used.

Well depths shown on the Drawings are estimated based on projected top of
waste elevations and may be adjusted in the field by ENGINEER. At no time shall
the drilling extend deeper than the bottom of well screen elevation.

If water is encountered in a borehole, then CONTRACTOR may be directed to
drill beyond the point that it was encountered. If wet conditions remain, then
drilling may be terminated and the length of perforated pipe adjusted by
ENGINEER, or the well may be relocated. If wet conditions cease (e.g., due to
trapped water layer), then drilling will continue to the design depth.

As soon as drilling is completed, a safety screen shall be placed over the top of
the borehole. This screen shall stay in place until backfilling is within 4 feet of
the surface. Safety screen size should be large enough to accommodate all
backfill materials and any tools used during backfill yet not large enough for any
human to accidentally fall through.

Wells shall be drilled straight and plumb and the well pipe shall be installed in
the center of the borehole. CONTRACTOR will take all compression off of the
pipe by mechanical means and center the pipe in the middle of the borehole
before starting to backfill.

PVC well pipe shall be solvent cemented and mechanically fastened with
stainless steel fasteners.

CONTRACTOR shall not leave boreholes open over night, if a bore hole is started
a well shall be constructed within the borehole prior to CONTRACTOR leaving
the site.

CONTRACTOR shall provide odor control during construction activities. Odor
control measures shall be approved by OWNER prior to use.

3.2 BACKFILLING

A.

Backfilling the borehole shall commence immediately after drilling is completed
and the PVC pipe has been installed. Backfill materials shall be installed as
indicated on the Drawings and as approved by ENGINEER.

Stone Aggregate shall be poured or scooped through the safety screen at a rate
that will not endanger the integrity of the well casing and limits the potential for

bridging.

The Sand/Gravel Filter shall be poured through the safety screen until a layer at
least 1-foot thick above the Stone Aggregate is formed.

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Specification 02560 - Landfill Gas Extraction Wells Page 4 of 4
January 2021 3066.21

D. The Bentonite Seal will be formed by evenly distributing bentonite around the
annulus of the well until a minimum plug thickness of 1 foot has been achieved.

3.3 DISPOSAL

A. Waste from well drilling operations shall be hauled to the active face of the
landfill operation the same day it is excavated.

[END OF SECTION 02560]

P:\3000s\3066.21\Source Files\Tech Specs\Division 2 Specifications\Section 02560 LFG Extraction Wells.doc

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CONTENTS

DIVISION 15 - MECHANICAL

Section 15210 - High-Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE), Fittings, and Appurtenances
Section 15212 - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe and Fittings

P:\3000s\3066.21\Source Files\Tech Specs\ Division 15 Specifications\00000 Divison 15 Table of Contents.docx

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SECTION 15210
HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PIPE, FITTINGS, AND APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

A. Furnish and install HDPE pipe and fittings for the landfill gas collection and
control system (GCCS), condensate main, and the compressed air supply.

B. Pressure test solid HDPE pipe.
1.2 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. The pipe and fitting manufacturer shall package products for shipment in a
manner suitable for safe transport by commercial carrier. When delivered,
CONTRACTOR shall inspect the shipment and report any damage to the pipe and
fittings manufacturer. Pipe and fittings shall be handled, installed, and tested in
accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations, and the requirements of
this Section.

B. Pipe Storage:

1. Store or stack pipe to prevent damage from marring, crushing or puncture.
Limit maximum stacking height to 6 ft or the Manufacturer’s recommended
maximum height, whichever is less.

2. Store in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations.

C. Pipe Handling:
1. Protect pipe from excessive heat or harmful chemicals.
2. Handle pipe and use equipment needed to avoid gouging of the pipe surfaces.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER a Certificate of Conformance with the
Specifications.

B. CONTRACTOR shall submit documentation demonstrating that the pipe-welding
technicians are certified by the pipe manufacturer to weld HDPE pipe.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

A. Materials used to manufacture the HDPE pipe and fittings shall meet the following
physical property requirements:

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Specification 15210 - High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe, Fittings, And Appurtenances

Page 2 of 8

January 2021 3066.21
Property Unit Test Value
Procedure

Material Designation - PPI/ASTM PE 3408

Material Classification - ASTM D1248 IC 5 P34

Cell Classification - ASTM D3350 345464C

Density g/cm3 ASTM D1505 >0.940

Melt Index g/10 min ASTM D1238 <0.15

Flexural Modulus psi ASTM D790 110,000 to <160,000

Tensile Strength at yield psi ASTM D638 3,000 to <3,500

Slow Crack Resistance hours ASTM F1473 >100

(PENT)

HDB psi ASTM D2837 1,600 @ 23°C

UV Stabilizer % Carbon Black | ASTM D1603 2 to3

Elastic Modulus psi ASTM D638 110,000

Brittleness Temperature oF ASTM D746 <-180

Vicat Softening oF ASTM D1525 255

Temperature

Thermal Expansion in/in/°oF ASTM D696 1x 10+

Hardness Shore D ASTM D2240 64

B.

There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking when the pipe is
tested.

Ring Stiffness Constant (RSC) values for the pipe shall be 90 percent of the
nominal.

The pipe and fittings shall be homogenous throughout and free from visible
cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as
uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, density, and other physical
properties.

Clean rework or recycled material generated by the Manufacturer’s own
production may be used so long as the pipe or fittings produced meet all the
requirements of this Section.

2.2 PIPEAND FITTINGS

A.

Dimensions:

1. Pipe Dimensions: The nominal inside diameter of the pipe shall be true to
the specified pipe size in accordance with ASTM D2513. Standard laying
lengths shall be 40 ft + 2 in.

2. Fitting Dimensions: Fittings such as couplings, wyes, tees, adaptors, etc. for
use in laying pipe shall have standard dimensions that conform to ASTM
D3261.

3. Pipe and fittings shall be as noted on the drawings.

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B.

Pipe and fittings shall be produced by the same manufacturer and from identical
materials meeting the requirements of this Section. Special or custom fittings
may be exempt from this requirement.

Pipe and fittings shall be pressure rated to meet the service pressure
requirements specified. Fittings shall be fully pressure rated to at least the same
service pressure rating as the joining pipe.

Molded fittings shall meet the requirements of ASTM D3261 and this Section. At
the point of fusion, the outside diameter and minimum wall thickness of fitting
butt fusion outlets shall meet the diameter and wall thickness specifications of
the mating system pipe. Fitting markings shall include a production code that
identifies the location and date of manufacture. Upon request, the Manufacturer
shall provide an explanation of his production code.

Marking:

1. Each standard and random length of pipe and fitting shall be clearly
marked with the following information:
a. Manufacturer’s Name or Trademark;

b. ASTM Standard Designation;

Cc. Nominal Pipe Size;

d. Class & Profile Number;

e. Production Code, including Extrusion Date, and Lot or Batch Number;
and

f. | Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR).

The pipe and fitting manufacturer shall certify that samples of production pipe
have undergone stress regression testing, evaluation, and validation in
accordance with ASTM D2837 and PPI TR-3. Under these procedures, the
minimum hydrostatic design basis shall be certified by the pipe and fitting
manufacturer to be 1600 psi at 73.4°F and 800 psi at 140°F.

Material shall be listed in the name of the Pipe and Fitting Manufacturer by the
Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) in PPI TR-4 with the following Standard Grade
ratings:

73.4°F 140°F
1. Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) 1,600 psi _—800 psi
2. Hydrostatic Design Stress(HDS) 800 psi 400 psi

PPI material listing in the name of the resin supplier is not acceptable in meeting
this requirement.

Certification - as the basis of the acceptance of the material, the Manufacturer
shall furnish a Certificate of Conformance upon request. When prior agreement
is being made in writing between CONTRACTOR and the Manufacturer, the
Manufacturer shall furnish other conformance certification in the form of
affidavit of conformance, test results, or copies of test reports.

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2.3 GASKETS AND HARDWARE

A.

All gaskets shall be Viton. Joint hardware, where required, shall be Type 316
stainless steel.

2.4 FITTINGS

A.

Fittings shall be manufactured from polyethylene compound having cell
classification equal to or exceeding compound used in pipe to ensure
compatibility of polyethylene resins.

Fittings shall be from same manufacturer as pipe being provided. OWNER may
allow substitution for approved material with use of flanged joint sections.

Dimensions of fittings conforming to standard dimensions and tolerances in
accordance with ASTM D3261.

Fittings shall have the same or higher pressure rating as pipe.

Markings:

1. Manufacturer’s name or trademark.

2 Nominal size.

3. Type of plastic pipe.

4, Standard dimension ratio.

5 Extrusion date, lot number or batch number.

The Drawings do not show all fittings that may be required. CONTRACTOR shall
provide all fittings required for a complete installation.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A.

Pipe may be rejected for failure to conform to any of the following:

1. Fractures or cracks passing through pipe wall, except single crack not
exceeding 2 in. in length at either end of pipe, which shall be cut off and
discarded. All pipes within one shipment shall be rejected if defects exist in
more than five percent of shipment or delivery.

Cracks sufficient to impair strength, durability, or service ability of pipe.
Defects indicating improper proportioning, mixing, and molding.

Damaged ends, where such damage prevents making satisfactory joint.
Damage due to handling or installation. Scratches and gouges exceeding
five percent of the wall thickness shall be considered excessive, and may be
rejected by ENGINEER or OWNER.

ae wWN

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B.

Acceptance of fittings, stubs, or other specially fabricated pipe sections shall be
based on visual inspection by ENGINEER and documentation of conformance to
this Section.

Prior to backfilling trench CONTRACTOR shall obtain as-built top of pipe
coordinates and elevations at grade changes, terminations, fittings, and at least
every 50 ft along the pipe.

3.2 INSTALLATION

A.

B.

Trench, backfill, and compact in accordance with Specification Section 02200.

Heat Fusion of Pipe:

1.

Weld pipe in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendation for butt
fusion methods. The Pipe Manufacturer shall certify fusion machine
operators.

Butt fusion equipment for joining procedures shall be capable of meeting
conditions recommended by the Pipe Manufacturer including, but not
limited to, temperature, alignment, and fusion pressures.

Branch saddle fusions shall be joined in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations and procedures. Branch saddle fusion equipment shall
be of a size to facilitate saddle fusion within the trench. Extrusion welds
shall not be allowed.

For cleaning pipe ends, solutions such as detergents and solvents, when
required, shall be used in accordance with the Manufacturer’s
recommendations. Solvents shall not be used unless approved by OWNER.
Do not bend pipe to greater degree than minimum radius recommended by
manufacturer for type and grade.

Do not subject pipe to strains that will overstress or buckle pipe or impose
excessive stress on joints.

Before butt fusing pipe, observe inside of each pipe length for presence of
dirt, sand, mud, shavings, and other debris or animals. Remove debris from
pipe prior to fusing.

Cap open ends of fused pipe at end of each working day to prevent entry by
animals, debris, or stormwater and potential escape of gas.

Use compatible fusion techniques when polyethylenes of different melt
indexes are fused together. Refer to the Manufacturer’s specifications for
compatible fusion.

Flange Jointing (when and if required):

1.
2.

Use on flanged pipe connection sections.

Convoluted stainless steel backup rings shall be used for joining HDPE
pipes below grade, and epoxy-coated carbon steel backup flanges shall be
used above grade.

Butt fuse fabricated flange adapters to pipe or use electrofusion couplings.
Observe the following precautions in connection of flange joints:

a. Use full-face Viton gaskets only.

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b. All fasteners and back-up rings shall be Type 316 stainless steel below
grade, and zinc-plated steel above grade.

c. Align flanges or flange/valve connections to provide tight seal.
Gaskets are required for flange/valve connections.

d. US Standard round washers may be used on some flanges when in
accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations. Bolts shall be
lubricated in accordance with Manufacturer’s recommendations.

e. Torque flange bolts in sequence and in accordance with the
Manufacturer’s recommendations. Do not over-torque bolts.
CONTRACTOR shall use a torque wrench to tighten all flange
fasteners.

Pull bolt down by degrees to uniform torque in accordance with the

Manufacturer’s recommendations.

Protect below grade bolts and flanges by covering with a 6-mil thick

polyethylene wrap. Duct tape wrap to HDPE pipe.

Electrofusion couplers, where used, shall be installed in accordance with

the Manufacturer’s specifications. The outside diameter of the HDPE pipe

and face shall be prepared in accordance with the Manufacturer’s
recommendations prior to installing the coupler.

Pipe Placement:

1.

2.

3.

o1

10.
11.

12.

Grade control equipment shall be of the type to accurately maintain design
grades and slopes during installation of pipe.

Unless otherwise specifically stated, install pipe in accordance with the
Manufacturer’s recommendations.

Maximum lengths of fused pipe to be handled as one section shall not
exceed 400 ft and shall be placed according to the Manufacturer’s
recommendations as to pipe size, pipe SDR, and topography so as not to
cause excessive gouging or surface abrasion. Pipe wall gouges deeper than
3/16-in. shall be cause for rejection of the pipe.

Cap pipe sections longer than single joint (usually 40 ft) on both ends
during placement except during fusing operations.

Remove dirt or debris from inside of pipe before backfilling.

Notify ENGINEER prior to installing pipe into trench and allow time for
observation. CONTRACTOR shall correct irregularities identified during
observation.

Complete connections within trench whenever possible to prevent
overstressed connections.

Allow pipe sufficient time to adjust to trench temperature prior to testing,
fusion welding, making segment connections, or backfilling activity.

To reduce branch saddle stress, install saddles at slope equal to and
continuous with connecting pipe.

Install reducers adjacent to laterals and tees unless directed otherwise.
Place pipe system in trench allowing at least 12 in./100 ft for thermal
contraction and expansion.

Trench and backfill soil in accordance with Specification Section 02200.

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