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3.3

Soil shall be placed in loose lifts that result in a compacted lift thickness no
greater than 8 inches. Compaction shall be performed using a static smooth-
drum roller or padded-foot compactors as specified elsewhere in this Section.
Hand compaction of material shall be used in locations where larger
compaction is inappropriate due to limited area.

CONTRACTOR shall finish each day’s work with a smooth-drum roller to create
a smooth surface, free from ruts or indentations, that will limit moisture
penetration. The area shall be left in a manner to promote runoff at the end of
each day.

Prior to continuing construction from the previous day’s work, CONTRACTOR
shall scarify the surface to provide a bond between the layers.

EXCAVATION BELOW GRADE

A.

Excavations shall be made to the elevations and dimensions shown on the
Drawings. Excavate sufficient material to provide suitable room for
construction providing bracing and support as required. The bottom of the
excavations shall be rendered firm and dry and in all respects acceptable to the
CQA Consultant.

Remove water accumulated in excavations by pumping or other means to
maintain a dry and stable subgrade until earthwork operations are complete.
All dewatering shall be performed at CONTRACTOR’s cost. Pumped water shall
be treated using a sediment control system such as DIRTBAG® by ACF
Environmental or other system approved by the ENGINEER. Treated water
shall be directed to the stormwater basins.

Where the soil subgrade has been softened, eroded, or otherwise disturbed by
flooding, exposure during unfavorable weather, or other causes, it shall be
over-excavated and replaced with suitable material at no cost to OWNER.

When the excavation has reached required depths, ENGINEER shall be notified
and will observe conditions. If, in the opinion of the CQA Consultant, the
material in its undisturbed natural condition, at or below the normal grade of
the excavation as indicated on the Drawings is unsuitable, it shall be removed
and be replaced with suitable material as directed by ENGINEER.
CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the removal, relocation, and stockpiling
of unsuitable material. Unsuitable material is classified here as stumps,
excessively wet soil, ledge rock, ice, topsoil, subsoil, organics, existing fill, or
other deleterious material.

CONTRACTOR shall exercise care to preserve the material below and beyond
the lines of excavation. If the bottom of an excavation is extended below the
limits shown on the Drawings or specified or directed by ENGINEER, then it

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 7 of 14 December 2017

3.4

3.5

3.6

shall be refilled and compacted in accordance with these specifications at
CONTRACTOR’s expense with fill approved by ENGINEER.

EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES

A.

Excavate as necessary for installation of utilities including, culverts, leachate
collection and transmission system pipe, and for related structures and
appurtenances.

Excavations for utilities shall be carried out in a manner that will preserve the
undisturbed state of the subgrade soils. Dewatering shall be performed as
needed to provide a dry excavation.

Excavation of trenches required for the installation of subsurface utilities shall
be made to the depths indicated on the Drawings and in such a manner and to
such widths as will give suitable room for laying the pipe within the trenches,
for bracing and supporting, and for drainage facilities. CONTRACTOR shall
render the bottom of the excavations firm and dry, and acceptable to the CQA
Consultant.

MISCELLANEOUS EARTHWORK

A.

CONTRACTOR shall perform earthwork as necessary to permit the placement
of topsoil, for constructing access roads, and any other miscellaneous earth
excavation required.

SUBGRADE PREPARATION

A.

Prior to placing earth materials, the subgrade should be compact, dry, and free
from debris, ice, and snow. Earth materials shall not be placed over frozen soil
unless otherwise approved by ENGINEER.

CONTRACTOR shall excavate in such a manner as to limit disturbance of the
underlying natural ground. Deterioration of the subgrade between the time of
excavation and initial fill placement shall be the responsibility of
CONTRACTOR and shall be repaired at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

All subgrade surfaces shall be observed by the CQA Consultant prior to earth
placement. Sufficient time must be given to the CQA Consultant to observe and
perform tests on the subgrade.

Subgrade for pavement or geosynthetic placement shall be proof-rolled by at
least four (4) passes of a 10,000-pound vibratory, smooth-drum roller to
demonstrate strength. The subgrade shall be smooth and uniformly graded
and shall be prepared to the grades indicated on the Drawings. All objects
capable of penetrating the overlying geosynthetics, including, but not limited

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 8 of 14 December 2017

3.7

to, stones, sticks, and debris shall be removed by hand and replaced with
compacted earth material as indicated on the Drawings.

Deterioration of the subgrade surface between acceptance of the CQA
Consultant and deployment of the geosynthetic materials is the responsibility
of CONTRACTOR and shall be repaired at no cost to OWNER.

Areas to receive Topsoil shall be inspected and approved by the CQA
Consultant before Topsoil is placed. After Topsoil has been spread and fine-
graded, CONTRACTOR shall remove and dispose of all rubbish, sticks, large
stiff clods, lumps, brush, roots, stumps, litter, stones larger than 3 inches, and
other foreign material from the area to be covered with topsoil.

The Topsoil surface shall be tracked immediately after fine grading and other
preparation has been completed. Tracking is to be performed with bulldozers
operating in the direction of water flow. The tracks of the bulldozers are to
have grousers of sufficient height to leave visible depressions in the subgrade.
The depressions are to be perpendicular to the direction of water flow to
reduce erosion potential until topsoil is placed. During the tracking, all
depressions caused by settlement or tacking shall be filled with additional
topsoil and the surface shall be regraded and tracked until an even finished
grade is created.

SOIL PLACEMENT AND COMPACTION

A.

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, Topsoil shall be placed to a
minimum thickness of 4 inches. CONTRACTOR shall exercise care to ensure
that the underlying soil remains intact and does not become mixed with the
Topsoil during placement.

Topsoil shall not be compacted.

Soil shall be placed in loose continuous layers and compacted to the specified
compaction criteria. The loose lift fill thickness shall not exceed 12 inches.
Smaller lift heights may be required to achieve the specified compaction.

Compaction shall be by mechanical means designed specifically for soil
compaction. The CQA Consultant, ENGINEER, or OWNER reserves the right to
disapprove any device of inadequate capacity or, in their opinion of a type
unsuited to the character of material being compacted.

Placed and compacted soil shall be graded to drain and provide a smooth
surface that will readily shed water.

Earth materials containing ice, snow, frozen soil, large rocks, roots, sod,
rubbish and other deleterious or organic material shall not be placed. Frozen
soil shall not be placed as fill, nor shall fill or utilities be placed on frozen soil.

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 9 of 14 December 2017

3.8

Earth materials shall not be placed during weather conditions that do not
allow for proper moisture and density control. CONTRACTOR shall not resume
earthwork operations until the moisture content and the density of the
previously placed soil are as specified. During freezing conditions, subgrades
and each lift of fill must be compacted before the water in the subgrade or the
fill can freeze.

Soil that is too wet for proper compaction shall be removed or disced,
harrowed, rototilled, or otherwise dried to proper moisture content for
compaction to the required density.

Soil that is too dry for proper compaction shall receive water uniformly
applied over the surface of the loose layer. Compaction shall not be performed
until the moisture content of the fill material is uniform. Sufficient water shall
be added to allow for compaction to the required density.

The degree of soil compaction shall be based on a maximum dry density as
determined by the ASTM D698. The minimum degree of compaction required,
unless otherwise noted in plans or directed and approved by ENGINEER, shall
be 95 percent. The moisture content, unless otherwise specified or directed by
ENGINEER, shall be between -2 and +2 percent of the optimum moisture
content determined by ASTM D688.

For Screened Till the degree of soil compaction shall be governed by the in-
place hydraulic conductivity, which shall be no greater than 1 x 10-* cm/sec
when tested in accordance with ASTM D5084.

UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL

A.

CONTRACTOR shall backfill utility trenches as soon as practicable after the
utility placed and tested in accordance with the appropriate section(s) of the
Specifications and has been observed and approved by the CQA Consultant.
CONTRACTOR is responsible for the satisfactory construction of the utility. If
subsequent testing shows defects in materials or workmanship, then the
necessary repairs and replacements shall be made by CONTRACTOR to the
satisfaction of the CQA Consultant at no additional cost to OWNER.

Trench bedding and backfill shall be as specified on the Drawings. Trench
backfill shall be placed simultaneously on either side of the pipe and
compacted in such a manner as to avoid displacement of the utility.
CONTRACTOR shall place and compact the backfill such that stones do not
strike or remain in contact with the utility.

Trench bedding shall be placed to the spring line of the pipe and shaped so that
the pipe is firmly supported across its diameter for its entire length. Particular

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 10 of 14 December 2017

care shall be taken to provide recesses in the bedding or trench bottom, as
required, to relieve each bell of any load.

Placement of trench bedding shall be performed by skilled personnel and shall
precede the laying of pipe by a reasonable distance.

From the top of the bedding to a minimum of 6 inches above the pipe crown,
the trench shall be backfilled with the specified material placed evenly on both
sides of the pipe with care being taken not to raise or otherwise dislodge the
pipe. Backfill to this depth shall be thoroughly compacted with approved
hand-operated devices.

No stone or rock fragment greater than 1 inch shall be placed into the trench
nor shall large masses of backfilling material be dropped into the tamped
layers of backfill until a minimum of 6 inches of backfill has been placed over
the top of the pipe.

Wet backfill shall not be placed in the trench or compacted. CONTRACTOR
shall suspend compacting activities until the backfill materials exhibit a
moisture content sufficient to allow for proper compaction.

3.9 DRAINAGE SAND

A.

B.

The Drainage Sand shall be installed as shown on the Drawings.

No Drainage Sand shall be placed until the CQA Consultant has approved the
installation of the underlying geosynthetics.

Drainage Sand over drainage geocomposite shall only occur under the
observation of the CQA Consultant.

CONTRACTOR shall use extreme care in placing Drainage Sand over the
geosynthetics. The Drainage Sand shall be placed in a manner that will
maintain a minimum thickness of 12 inches of material at all times between
the geosynthetics and the bottom of construction equipment spreading
material. Unless otherwise specified by ENGINEER, all equipment operating on
earthen materials overlying the geosynthetics shall comply with the following.

Allowable Equipment Thickness of Overlying
Ground Pressure (psi) Compacted Soil (ft)
<5 1.0
<10 1.5
<20 2.0
>20 3.0

CONTRACTOR shall control grades using a method which will not damage the
geosynthetics. Grade stakes shall not be used in areas where geosynthetics

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 11 of 14 December 2017

have been placed. Materials that may be used to control grades include, but
are not limited to, sections of cardboard tubes or Styrofoam.

F. CONTRACTOR shall ensure that:
1. The geosynthetics remain intact during the installation of the overlying
soil;
2. No foreign material is mixed into the soil; and
3. No vehicles drive on the uncovered geosynthetics.
3.10 RIPRAP

A. Riprap shall be placed on top of a nonwoven geotextile.

B. Riprap shall be placed to its full thickness in one operation and in such a
manner as to avoid displacing the underlying material or damaging the
geotextile.

C. The larger stones shall be well distributed such that there are no large
accumulations of either the larger or smaller sizes of stone.

D. Adense riprap section, in which all sizes of material are placed in their proper
proportions, should be produced. Hand-placing or rearranging of individual
stones by mechanical equipment may be required to secure the results
specified.

E. Unless otherwise authorized by ENGINEER, riprap shall be placed in
conjunction with the dressing and preparation of the drainage channels.
CONTRACTOR shall not delay placement of riprap.

F. The edge of riprap areas shall be blended into existing slope contours.

3.11 PERFORATIONS

A.

Perforations in the compacted soil that must be filled shall include, but not be
limited to:

1. nuclear density test probe locations; and

2. test probes.

Perforations in the compacted soil shall be backfilled with similar soil and
compacted. The filled perforation shall be completed to the satisfaction of
ENGINEER.

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 12 of 14 December 2017

3.12 DEFECTIVE AREAS

A.

If a defective area is discovered in the compacted soil, then the CQA Consultant
will notify CONTRACTOR who shall proceed to determine the extent and
nature of the defect. If the defect is indicated by an unsatisfactory test result,
then CONTRACTOR will determine the extent of the defective area by
additional tests, observations, a review of records, or other means that
CONTRACTOR deems appropriate. If the defect is related to adverse site
conditions, such as overly wet soils or surface desiccation, then CONTRACTOR
will define the limits and nature of the defect.

After the extent and nature of a defect has been determined, CONTRACTOR
shall correct the deficiency to the satisfaction of the CQA Consultant. The cost
of corrective actions shall be borne by CONTRACTOR.

Additional testing will be performed, CONTRACTOR to verify that the defect
has been corrected. This additional testing will be performed before any
additional work is allowed in the area of deficiency.

3.13 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE

A.

The CQA Consultant will monitor the placement and compaction of earth
materials.

The CQA Consultant will perform quality testing as outlined in the CQA Plan.

The CQA Consultant shall select locations to observe construction and perform
moisture content, gradation, and compaction tests. Where tests indicate that
the soil tested does not conform to the specified compaction requirements,
CONTRACTOR shall remove and recompact the material to the specified
density at no additional cost to OWNER.

Samples of the in-place Screened Till shall be obtained for laboratory hydraulic
conductivity testing. Sampling shall be performed using thin-walled tube
samplers in accordance with ASTM D1587. Laboratory testing for hydraulic
conductivity shall be accordance with ASTM D5084 and shall be performed at a
normal stress of 89 lb/in.2.

The presence of the OWNER, ENGINEER, or the CQA Consultant does not
include supervision or direction of the Work by CONTRACTOR, his employees,
or agents. Neither the presence of OWNER, ENGINEER, or the CQA Consultant,
nor any observations and testing performed by them shall excuse
CONTRACTOR from defects discovered in the Work.

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 13 of 14 December 2017

F. Soil materials not meeting the Specification requirements shall not be used in
the Work.

3.14 GRADING TOLERANCE

A. Disturbed areas shall be graded so that water sheds and no ponding of surface
water runoff.

B. Finished grades shall be within % inch of the required elevations in areas
where the geomembrane will be placed.

C. Finished grades shall be within 1 inch of the required elevations in areas
beyond that addressed in Paragraph 3.14.B.

[END OF SECTION 02200]

P:\3000s\3066,09\Source Files\Type II App\Specifications\ Division 2 Specifications\02200 Earthwork.docx

File No. 3066.09 Earthwork 02200 - 14 of 14 December 2017

SECTION 02510

NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILE

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

A.

CONTRACTOR shall provide all labor, materials, tools, and equipment and
perform all operations necessary to furnish, deploy, and install Nonwoven
Geotextile in the areas indicated on the Drawings or as required by ENGINEER
or OWNER.

1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A.

B.

Experience

1. CONTRACTOR shall be trained and experienced in field handling, storing,
deploying, installing, and protecting geotextiles.

2. CONTRACTOR shall demonstrate at least four years of experience in
sewing Nonwoven Geotextile and shall have completed at least four
projects that required Nonwoven Geotextile sewing. Alternatively,
CONTRACTOR shall engage an experienced Subcontractor or
manufacturer’s agent who shall meet the experience requirements.

Submittals

1. CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER certification that the Nonwoven
Geotextile and thread meet the required specifications, and a description
of the proposed sewn seam types at least 15 days prior to delivery of
materials to the site.

2. CONTRACTOR shall submit the qualifications of the person(s) who will be
sewing Nonwoven Geotextile prior to performing the related Work.

1.3. MATERIALS STORAGE AND HANDLING

A.

CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the handling, storage, and care of
Nonwoven Geotextile from the time of delivery to the site until final acceptance
of the completed Work by OWNER. CONTRACTOR shall be liable for all
damages to the materials during such time.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

A.

The Nonwoven Geotextile provided shall meet or exceed the property values
specified herein. Nonwoven Geotextile shall be comprised of polymeric yarns
of fibers or weld or drawn strands oriented into a stable network that will
retain its structure during handling, placement, and long-term service.

File No. 3066.09 Geotextile 02510 - 1 of 2 December 2017

Nonwoven Geotextile shall be capable of withstanding direct exposure to the
sunlight for 30 days with no measurable deterioration.

The Nonwoven Geotextile fabrics shall be non-biodegradable. CONTRACTOR
shall follow the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding handling and

installation of such materials.

2.2 GEOTEXTILES

A. Nonwoven Geotextile shall be installed as indicated in the Drawings.

B. Nonwoven Geotextile shall be manufactured pf polypropylene or polyester
material exhibiting the following Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV).

MARV
Property Test Method 10 oz/yd2 16 oz/yd2

Mass per Unit Area (0z/yd?) ASTM D 5261 10 16
Grab Tensile Strength (lbs) ASTM D 4632 250 380
Trapezoidal Tear Strength (psi) | ASTM D 4533 100 140

Apparent Opening Size(mm) | ASTM D 4751 <0.21 <0.21
Puncture Resistance (Ibs) ASTM D 4833 140 230
Water Flow Rate (gpm/ft2) ASTM D 4491 70 45

PART 3 ~- EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A.

Nonwoven Geotextile shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, as shown on the Drawings and specified herein.

Where the use of adjacent sheets of a Nonwoven Geotextile are required and
are not to be sewn, a minimum overlap of 18 inches shall be maintained.

Sheets of Nonwoven Geotextile used in drainage swales, or areas subject to
concentrated stormwater flow, shall be shingled such that the upslope
Nonwoven Geotextile overlies the adjacent downgradient sheet.

All holes and tears in the Nonwoven Geotextile shall be noted and repaired as

specified by ENGINEER.

[END OF SECTION 02510]

P:\3000s\3066.09\Source Files\Type II App\Specifications\ Division 2 Specifications\02510 Geotextiles.docx

File No. 3066.09

Geotextile 02510 - 2 of 2 December 2017