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The following is a reconciliation between the
effective income tax rate for 2020 and 2019:

Statutory federal rate

State tax rate, net of federal benefits
Permanent differences

Amortization of investment tax credits

Effective tax rate

statutory federal income tax rate and the

2020

21.0 %
6.1

(63.6)
2.2

(34.3) %

2019

21.0 %
6.1

(33.9)
0.7

(6.1) %

The temporary items that give rise to the net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2020

and 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)
Liabilities:
Property-related, net
Other

Total liabilities

Assets:

Pension accrued liability

Net operating loss carryforward
Alternative minimum tax credit

NH Business Enterprise Tax credits
Other

Less valuation allowance

Total assets

2020

S$ 22,496
704

23,200

1,659
5,415
476
957
718

9,225
956

8,269

Net non-current deferred income tax liability $ 14,931

2019

$ 21,396
519

21,915

1,403
4,953
476
1,123
656

8,611
(1,123)

7,488
$ 14,427

The Company has accumulated federal net operating losses. The federal tax benefit of the
cumulative net operating losses is approximately $4 million, begin to expire in 2033, and is
included in deferred income taxes in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31,
2020. Approximately 88% of the net operating losses are 100 percent available to be applied
to taxable income in future years and are not subject to the TCJA as they were generated
prior to the 2018 tax year. The enactment of the TCJA now limits the net operating loss shelter
to 80 percent of taxable income, for post-2017 tax year losses. The TCJA also provides for net
operating losses to be carried forward indefinitely instead of limited to 20 years, as is the case
for pre-2018 losses; however, carrybacks of these losses are no longer permitted.
Approximately 12% of the net operating losses were generated in 2019 and 2020 and

therefore are subject to the 80% limitation.

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The Company has accumulated New Hampshire net operating losses. The New Hampshire tax
benefit of the cumulative net operating loss is approximately $1.4 million which begins to
expire in 2023 and is included in deferred income taxes in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as
of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, it is estimated that approximately $476,000 and
$476,000, respectively, of cumulative federal alternative minimum tax credits may be carried
forward indefinitely as a credit against our regular tax liability.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had New Hampshire Business Enterprise
Tax (“NHBET”) credits of approximately $960,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. NHBET
credits begin to expire in 2021. It is anticipated that these NHBET credits will not be fully
utilized before they expire; therefore, a valuation allowance has been recorded related to
these credits. The valuation allowance decreased by approximately $167,000 and increased
by approximately $126,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Investment tax credits resulting from utility plant additions are deferred and amortized. The
unamortized investment tax credits are being amortized through the year 2033.

The Company had a regulatory liability related to income taxes of approximately $9,918,000
and $9,930,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This represents the
estimated future reduction in revenues associated with deferred taxes which were collected
at rates higher than the currently enacted rates and the amortization of deferred investment
tax credits.

A review of the portfolio of uncertain tax positions was performed. In this regard, an
uncertain tax position represents the expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax
return, or as planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in
measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. As a result of this review, it
was determined that the Company had no material uncertain tax positions, and tax planning
strategies will be used, if required and when possible, to avoid the expiration of any future
net operating loss and/or tax credits.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax
matters in “Other, Net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred no interest
in 2020 and 2019. We incurred no penalties during the years ended December 31, 2020 and
2019.

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11.

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following:

2020
Unamortized
Debt Issuance
{in thousands) Principal Costs
Unsecured note payable to City of Nashua, 5.75%,
due 12/25/2041 $ 102,173 $ -
Unsecured Business Finance Authority:
Revenue Bonds (Series 2014B), 4.50%, due January 1, 2045 4,830 105
Revenue Bonds (Series 2018A), interest rates from 4.375% to 5.00%,
due April 1, 2048 4,460 244
Revenue Bonds (Series 2018B), 4.33%, due April 1, 2028 900 50
Revenue Bonds (Series 20194), interest rates from 2.19% to 4.15%,
due April 1, 2049 8,080 277
Revenue Bonds (Series 2020A), interest rates from 3.15% to 4%,
due April 1, 2050 7,000 284
Revenue Bonds (Series 2020B), 5.25%, due April 1, 2023 380 12
Revenue Bonds (Series 2020C), interest rates from 1.25% to 4.02%,
due September 1, 2055 (3) 73,630 10,654
Unsecured notes payable to bank, floating-rate, due March 1, 2030 2,494 12
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 3.62%, due June 20, 2023 1,219 4
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.20%, due December 20, 2041 1,128 4
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.83%, due December 20, 2041 864 5
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.25%, due June 20, 2033 667 5
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.90%, due March 6, 2040 541 31
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 5.33%, due June 20, 2043 332 11
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.38%, due September 20, 2044 1,118 1S
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 3.98%, due January 1, 2046 800 12
Unsecured New Hampshire State Revolving Fund (“SRF”) notes (1) 23,048 162
Unsecured New Hampshire Drinking Water & Groundwater Trust
Fund ("DWGTF") notes (2) 8,675 11
Paycheck Protection Program Loan, 1.00%, due May 7, 2022 2,544 -
Unamortized debt issuance costs for defeased obligations,
allowed by regulation - 3,162
Total 244,883 $ 15,060
Less current portion (6,018)
Less unamortized debt issuance costs (15,060)
Total long-term debt, less current portion
and unamortized debt issuance costs $ 223,805

(1) SRF notes are due through 2051 at interest rates ranging from 1% to 3.8%. These notes are payable in 120 to 240 consecutive monthly
installments of principal and interest. The 1% rate applies to construction projects still in process until the earlier of (i) the date of

pletion of the impr or (ii) various dates specified in the note (such earlier date being the interest rate change
date). Commencing on the interest rate change date, the interest rate changes to the lower of (i} the rate as stated in the note or (ii) 80% of
the established 11 General Obligations Bond Index published during the specified time period before the interest rate change date.

(2) DWGTF notes are due through 2050 at interest rates ranging from 1% to 3.38%. These notes are payable in 360 consecutive monthly
installments of principle and interest. The 1% rate applies to construction projects still in process until the earlier of (i) the date of

pletion of the impr or (ii) June 1, 2020 as specified in the note (such earlier date being the interest rate change
date). Commencing on the interest rate change date, the interest rate change to the rate as stated in the note.

(3) Revenue Bonds (2020C) proceeds were partially used to advance refund the 2014A, 2015A and 2015B bonds with maturity dates of
January 1, 2045, January 1, 2046, and January 1, 2031 respectively. The advance refunding proceeds are held in escrow until their future
call dates of December 2023 and December 2024, to then be used to facilitate retirement of the bonds. Of the remaining $10,654 of
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs as of December 31, 2020 generated by the September 2nd issuance, $9,269 are directly tied the advance
cefunding and will fully-amortize on a straight-line basis until their respective call dates.

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2019

Unamortized
Debt Issuance
(in thousands) Principal Costs
Unsecured note payable to City of Nashua, 5.75%,
due 12/25/2041 $ 104,570 $ -
Unsecured senior note payable due to an insurance company
7.40%, due March 1, 2021 2,800 10
Unsecured Business Finance Authority:
Revenue Bonds (Series 2014A), interest rates from 3.00% to 4.125%,
due January 1, 2045 37,830 1,708
Revenue Bonds (Series 2014B), 4.50%, due January 1, 2045 4,930 109
Revenue Bonds (Series 2015A), interest rates from 4.00% to 5.00%,
due January 1, 2046 18,925 1,373
Revenue Bonds (Series 2015B), 5.00%, due January 1, 2046 1,735 209
Revenue Bonds (Series 2018A), interest rates from 4.375% to 5.00%,
due April 1, 2048 4,460 253
Revenue Bonds (Series 20188), 4.33%, due April 1, 2028 990 57
Revenue Bonds {Series 2019A), interest rates from 2.19% to 4.15%,
due April 1, 2049 8,080 287
Revenue Bonds (Series 2019B), 3.38%, due April 1, 2020 170 2
Unsecured notes payable to bank, floating-rate, due March 1, 2030 2,716 13
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 3.62%, due June 20, 2023 1,294 6
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.20%, due December 20, 2041 1,160 6
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.83%, due December 20, 2041 887 5
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.25%, due June 20, 2033 706 6
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.90%, due March 6, 2040 557 33
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 5.33%, due June 20, 2043 339 13
Unsecured notes payable to bank, 4.38%, due September 20, 2044 1,145 16
Unsecured New Hampshire State Revolving Fund (“SRF”) notes (1) 21,783 172
Unsecured New Hampshire Drinking Water & Groundwater Trust
Fund ("DWGTF") notes (2) 8,168 11
Unamortized debt issuance costs for defeased obligations,
allowed by regulation : 78
Total 223,245 $ 4,367
Less current portion (6,582)
Less unamortized debt issuance costs (4,367)

Total long-term debt, less current portion
and unamortized debt issuance costs $ 212,296

(1) SRF notes are due through 2049 at interest rates ranging from 1% to 3.8%. These notes are payable in 120 to 240 consecutive monthly
installments of principal and interest. The 1% rate applies to construction projects still in process until the earlier of {i} the date of

bstantial pletion of the impr or (ii) various dates specified in the note (such eartier date being the interest rate change
date). Commencing on the interest rate change date, the interest rate changes to the lower of (i) the rate as stated in the note or (ii) 80% of
the established 11 General Obligations Bond Index published during the specified time period before the interest rate change date.

(2) DWGTF notes are due through 2050 at interest rates ranging from 1% to 3.38%. These notes are payable in 360 consecutive monthly
installments of principle and interest. The 1% rate applies to construction projects still in process until the earlier of (i) the date of
substantial completion of the improvements or (ii) June 1, 2020 as specified in the note (such earlier date being the interest rate change
date). Commencing on the interest rate change date, the interest rate change to the rate as stated in the note.

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The aggregate principal payment requirements subsequent to December 31, 2020 are as
follows:

(in thousands) Amount

2021 S 6,018
2022 6,272
2023 7,508
2024 6,721
2025 7,013
2026 and thereafter 211,351
Total S 244,883

Several of Pennichuck Water’s loan agreements contain a covenant that prevents Pennichuck
Water from declaring dividends if Pennichuck Water does not maintain a minimum net
worth of $4.5 million. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, Pennichuck Water’s net worth was
$103.6 million and $107.4 million, respectively.

The 2014A, 2014B, 2015A, 2015B, 2018A, 2018B, 2019A, 2020A, 2020B and 2020C bonds
were issued under a new bond indenture and loan and trust agreement, established with the
issuance of the 2014 Series Bonds, which contains certain covenant obligations upon
Pennichuck Water, which are as follows:

Debt to Capital Covenant - Pennichuck Water cannot create, issue, incur, assume or
guarantee any short-term debt if (1) the sum of the short-term debt plus its funded debt
(“Debt”) shall exceed 85% of the sum of its short-term debt, funded debt and capital stock
plus surplus accounts (“Capital”), unless the short-term debt issued in excess of the 85%
is subordinated to the Series 2014 bonds. Thereby, the ratio of Debt to Capital must be
equal to or less than 1.0. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, Pennichuck Water has a
Debt to Capital Coverage ratio of 0.6 and 0.6, respectively.

All Bonds Test - Additionally, Pennichuck Water cannot create, issue, incur, assume or
guarantee any new funded debt, if the total outstanding funded debt (“Total Funded
Debt”) will exceed the sum of MARA (as defined in Note 14 of these consolidated financial
statements) and 85% of its Net Capital Properties (“MARA and Capital Properties”), and
unless net revenues or EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization) shall equal or exceed for at least 12 consecutive months out of the 15
months preceding the issuance of the new funded debt by 1.1 times the maximum
amount for which Pennichuck Water will be obligated to pay in any future year (“Max
Amount Due”), as a result of the new funded debt being incurred. Thereby, the ratio of
Total Funded Debt to MARA and Capital Properties must be equal to or less than 1.0; as
of December 31, 2020 and 2019, this coverage ratio was 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. Also,
the ratio of EBITDA to the Max Amount Due must be equal to or greater than 1.1; as of
December 31, 2020 and 2019, this ratio was 2.6 and 1.5, respectively.

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Rate Covenant Test - If during any fiscal year, the EBITDA of Pennichuck Water shall not
equal at least 1.1 times all amounts paid or required to be paid during that year
(“Amounts Paid”), then the Company shall undertake reasonable efforts to initiate a rate-
making proceeding with the NHPUC, to rectify this coverage requirement in the
succeeding fiscal years. Thereby, the ratio of EBITDA to Amounts Paid must be equal to
or greater than 1.1; as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Rate Covenant coverage ratio
was 3.57 and 1.98, respectively.

Pennichuck East’s loan agreement for its unsecured notes payable to a bank of $9.2 million
and $8.8 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, contains a minimum debt
service coverage ratio requirement of 1.10. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, this ratio was
2.07 and 1.84, respectively.

On September 2, 2020, Pennichuck Water issued approximately $73.6 million of taxable
bonds through the New Hampshire Business Finance Authority to: (1) advance refund and
refinance Pennichuck Water's series 2014A, 2015A, and 2015B bonds; (2) early retire an AULI
bank loan set to mature on March 1, 2021 with a “bullet” maturity due at that date; (3)
complete the replenishment of the Material Operating Expense Revenue Requirement
(MOERR) RSF for Pennichuck Water back to nearly its authorized imprest value; and (4) repay
Pennichuck Water’s Fixed Asset Line of Credit (FALOC) for monies borrowed while awaiting
rate relief from this bonding event and the Pennichuck Water rate case approved by NHPUC
Order No. 26,425. The bond issuance was approved by the Company's Board of Directors and
the Sole Stockholder. This issuance received NHPUC approval in Order No. 26,383 dated July
24, 2020, which authorized up to $75.0 million in bonds.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had a $2.5 million and $2.7 million,
respectively, interest rate swap which qualifies as a derivative. This financial derivative is
designated as a cash flow hedge. This financial instrument is used to mitigate interest rate
risk associated with our outstanding $2.5 million loan which has a floating interest rate
based on the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1.75% as of
December 31, 2020. The combined effect of the LIBOR-based borrowing formula and the
swap produces an “all-in fixed borrowing cost” equal to 5.95%. The fair value of the financial
derivative, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
under “Other Liabilities and Deferred Credits” as “Derivative instrument” was $460,000 and
$353,000, respectively. Changes in the fair value of this derivative were deferred in
accumulated other comprehensive income.

Swap settlements are recorded in the statements of income (loss) with the hedged item as
interest expense. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, $42,000 and $70,000,
respectively, was reclassified pre-tax from accumulated other comprehensive income to
interest expense as a result of swap settlements. The Company expects to reclassify
approximately $94,000, pre-tax, from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest
expense as a result of swap settlements, over the next twelve months.

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12.

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

On May 7, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately
$2,543,600 under the Small Business Administration (SBA) PPP. The PPP, established as part
of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which was enacted
March 27, 2020, provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times the
average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The loan and accrued interest
may be forgiven after eight or twenty-four weeks providing the Company uses the loan
proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains
certain payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the Company
terminates employees or reduces salaries during the eight or twenty-four week period.

Any unforgiven portion of the PPP loan is payable over two years at an interest rate of 1%,
with deferral of payments for the first ten months. The Company intends to use the proceeds
for purposes consistent with the PPP requirements. While the Company currently believes
that its use of the loan proceeds will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the loan, the
Company cannot guarantee that the loan will be forgiven, in whole or in part.

Lines of Credit

In December of 2020, the Company’s existing Working Capital Line of Credit (WCLOC) and
Pennichuck Water ‘s FALOC were renewed. The WCLOC was extended and renewed for an
additional year and a half, expiring on June 30, 2022, whereas the FALOC was extended and
renewed for an additional two and a half years, expiring on June 30, 2023. Additionally, as a
part of the renewal and extension of the FALOC, the capacity of that facility was increased
from $10 million to $12 million, while the Company’s WCLOC remains at $4 million.
Pennichuck East’s Fixed Asset Line of Credit (PEU FALOC) was renewed and extended for an
additional three years on November 24, 2020, expiring on September 30, 2023, at its current
facility level of $3 million. The two Fixed Asset Lines of Credit (FALOC and PEU FALOC) are
used to fund construction work in progress on capital projects, which will be refinanced into
long-term term loan obligations or issued bond indebtedness, annually.

Short-term borrowing activity under the Company’s WCLOC for the years ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019 was:

(in thousands) 2020 2019
Established line as of December 31, S 4,000 S 4,000
Maximum amount outstanding during period 3,006 3,311
Average amount outstanding during period 1,354 934
Amount outstanding as of December 31, 624 2,439
Weighted average interest rate during period 2.47% 3.98%
Interest rate as of December 31, 1.90% 3.55%

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Short-term borrowing activity under Pennichuck Water's FALOC for the years ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019 was:

(in thousands) 2020 2019
Established line as of December 31, S 12,000 S 10,000
Maximum amount outstanding during period 7,223 8,850
Average amount outstanding during period 3,610 4,131
Amount outstanding as of December 31, 4,550 5,848
Weighted average interest rate during period 2.80% 4.07%
Interest rate as of December 31, 1.90% 3.55%

Short-term borrowing activity under Pennichuck East’s FALOC for the years ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019 was:

2020 2019
Established line as of December 31, S 3,000 S 3,000
Maximum amount outstanding during period 1,106 1,894
Average amount outstanding during period 1,022 1,172
Amount outstanding as of December 31, 306 996
Weighted average interest rate during period 2.80% 4.56%
Interest rate as of December 31, 2.15% 3.99%

The Company's revolving credit loan facilities with TD Bank contain certain covenant
obligations upon Pennichuck Water, which are as follows:

Debt to Capital Covenant - Pennichuck Water cannot create, issue, incur, assume or
guarantee any short-term debt if (1) the sum of the short-term debt plus its funded debt
(“Debt”) shall exceed 85% of the sum of its short-term debt, funded debt and capital stock
plus surplus accounts (“Capital”), unless the short-term debt issued in excess of the 85%
is subordinated to the loan facility. Thereby, the ratio of Debt to Capital must be equal to
or less than 1.0. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, Pennichuck Water has a Debt to
Capital Coverage ratio of 0.6 and 0.6, respectively.

40

All Bonds Test - Additionally, Pennichuck Water cannot create, issue, incur, assume or
guarantee any new funded debt, if the total outstanding funded debt (“Total Funded
Debt”) will exceed the sum of MARA (as defined in Note 14 of these consolidated financial
statements) and 85% of its Net Capital Properties (“MARA and Capital Properties”), and
unless net revenues or EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization) shall equal or exceed for at least 12 consecutive months out of the 15
months preceding the issuance of the new funded debt by 1.1 times the maximum
amount for which Pennichuck Water will be obligated to pay in any future year (“Max
Amount Due”), as a result of the new funded debt being incurred. Thereby, the ratio of
Total Funded Debt to MARA and Capital Properties must be equal to or less than 1.0; as
of December 31, 2020 and 2019, this coverage ratio was 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. Also,
the ratio of EBITDA to the Max Amount Due must be equal to or greater than 1.1; as of
December 31, 2020 and 2019 this ratio was 2.6 and 1.5, respectively.

Rate Covenant Test - If during any fiscal year, the EBITDA of Pennichuck Water shall not
equal at least 1.1 times all amounts paid or required to be paid during that year
(“Amounts Paid”), then the Company shail undertake reasonable efforts to initiate a rate-
making proceeding with the NHPUC, to rectify this coverage requirement in the
succeeding fiscal years. Thereby, the ratio of EBITDA to Amounts Paid must be equal to
or greater than 1.1; as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Rate Covenant coverage ratio
was 3.57 and 1.98, respectively.

13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by
component for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

Interest Rate Contract

(in thousands) 2020 2019
Beginning balance S 318 86$ 372
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (89) (97)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other

comprehensive income 25 43
Net current period other comprehensive income (64) (54)
Ending balance S 254 =§$ 318

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14,

The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive
income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

Amounts Reclassified Affected Line Item in
Details about Accumulated Other from Accumulated Other the Statement Where
Comprehensive Income Components Comprehensive Income Net Income is Presented
{in thousands) 2020 2019

Gain on cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts $ 42 § 70 Interest expense

(17) (27) Tax expense

Amounts reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income $ 25 $ 43 Net of tax

Transaction with the City of Nashua

On January 25, 2012, in full settlement of an ongoing Eminent Domain lawsuit filed by the
City of Nashua (“City”) and with the approval of the NHPUC, the City acquired all of the
outstanding shares of the Company and, thereby, indirect acquisition of its regulated
subsidiaries. The total amount of the acquisition was $150.6 million (“Acquisition Price”) of
which $138.4 million was for the purchase of the outstanding shares, $5.0 million for the
establishment of a Rate Stabilization Fund, $2.6 million for legal and due diligence costs, $2.3
million for severance costs, $1.3 million for underwriting fees, and $1.0 million for bond
discount and issue costs. The entire purchase of $150.6 million was funded by General
Obligation Bonds (“Bonds”) issued by the City of Nashua. The Company is not a party to the
Bonds and has not guaranteed nor is obligated in any manner for the repayment of the Bonds.
The Company remains an independent corporation with an independent Board of Directors,
with the City of Nashua as its sole stockholder.

Pennichuck Water, Pennichuck East, PAC, Service Corporation, and Southwood will continue
as subsidiaries of Pennichuck Corporation and Pennichuck Water, Pennichuck East and PAC
will continue as regulated companies under the jurisdiction of the NHPUC. The terms of the
merger and the requisite accounting and rate-setting mechanisms were agreed to in the
NHPUC Order No. 25,292 (“PUC Order”) dated November 23, 2011.

42