+ Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, The Toll of Tobacco in New Hampshire, updated June 20, 2018,
https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/facts_issues/toll_us/new_hampshire.
* Institute of Medicine, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products, Washington, DC: The National Academies
Press, 2015, http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2015/TobaccoMinimumAgeRepo…; In addition, a recent study suggests that raising the sale
age to 21 is a promising practice, finding that the policy contributed to a greater decline in youth smoking in one community that passed a 21 ordinance
compared to comparison communities that did not pass an ordinance restricting tobacco product sales to 21 and older. While the results are promising, the
magnitude of the impact is unknown given that there are no baseline measurements and there were confounding issues that were not controlled for. See Kessel
Schneider, S. et al, “Community reductions in youth smoking after raising the minimum tobacco sales age to 21,” Tobacco Control, June 12, 2015,
http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2015/06/12/tobaccocontrol-2…
3 United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics
and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2014. ICPSR36361-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
[distributor], 2016-03-22. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36361.v1; see also Institute of Medicine, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal
Access to Tobacco Products, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2015.
“Calculated based on data in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2014, http://www. icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/. See also: Hammond, D,
“Smoking behaviour among young adults: beyond youth prevention,” Tobacco Control, 14:181— 185, 2005. Lantz, PM, “Smoking on the rise among young adults:
implications for research and policy,” Tobacco Control, 12(Suppl !):i60 — i170, 2003.
°U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Office on Smoking and Health, 2014
° See, e.g., Khuder, SA, et al., “Age at Smoking Onset and its Effect on Smoking Cessation,” Addictive Behavior 24(5):673-7, September-October 1999; D’Avanzo »B,
et al., “Age at Starting Smoking and Number of Cigarettes Smoked,” Annals of Epidemiology 4(6):455-59, November 1994; Chen, J & Millar, WJ, “Age of Smoking
Initiation: Implications for Quitting,” Health Reports 9(4):39-46, Spring 1998; Everett, SA, et al., “Initiation of Cigarette Smoking and Subsequent Smoking
Behavior Among U.S. High School Students,” Preventive Medicine 29(5):327-33, November 1999; Breslau, N & Peterson, EL, “Smoking cessation in young adults:
Age at initiation of cigarette smoking and other suspected influences,” American Journal of Public Health 86(2):214-20, February 1996.
’ National Center for Education Statistics, “Enrollment Trends by Age (Indicator 1-2012),” The Condition of Education, 2012,
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_ope.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Data on School Enrollment,
http://www.census.gov/hhes/school/data/cps/index.htmi; See also. Institute of Medicine, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access
to Tobacco Products, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2015; Ahmad, S, “Closing the youth access gap: The projected health benefits and costs
savings of a national policy to raise the legal smoking age to 21 in the United States,” Health Policy, 75:74 -
84, 2005. White, MM, et al. “Facilitating Adolescent Smoking: Who Provides the Cigarettes?” American Journal of Health Promotion, 19(5): 355 — 360, May/June
2005.
* White, MM, et al. “Facilitating Adolescent Smoking: Who Provides the Cigarettes?” American Journal of Health Promotion, 19(5): 355 — 360, May/June 2005.
Ahmad, S, “Closing the youth access gap: The projected health benefits and cost savings of a national policy to raise the legal smoking age to 21 in the United
States,” Health Policy, 75:74 — 84, 2005.
° King, Brian A., Jama, AO, Marynak, KL, and Promoff GR, “Attitudes Toward Raising the Minimum Age of Sale for Tobacco Among U.S. Adults,” American Journal
of Preventive Medicine, 2015, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379715002524
For additional information, please contact Nancy Vaughan, Director of Government Relations at (603) 263-8329 or
Nancy.vaughan@heart.org.
